Behavior | Range of Motion | Tactile Defensiveness

There is a considerable body of literature that addresses the therapeutic benefits of massage as being positive effects on the immune system, improvement in skin condition, and the physical and mental health benefits of relaxation. However, information about the benefits of massage for people who have developmental, physical, cognitive or emotional challenges is relatively nonexistent.

This is a diverse population of people whose need for positive human touch is neglected. And, most massage therapists are unaware of their needs. Their “special needs” result from the challenges they face daily from their developmental disabilities of mental retardation, Down Syndrome, and Autism; physical diagnoses of Cerebral Palsy, seizure disorders and arthritis; and psychiatric challenges.

Some of these people are challenged with more than one disorder and are considered “dually” or “multiply”diagnosed.
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Behavioral Benefits
Because some of the behavior of these people is labeled as “maladaptive” (drooling, spitting, aggressiveness, compulsive biting and banging, and other self-inflicted injuries) these individuals are often deprived of positive, caring human touch. The touch they receive is often limited to that required to carry out basic personal care and activities of daily living. Negative experiences with touch occur if a person requires restraints for control or frequent transfer from wheelchairs or beds. Some of these people have experienced physical and emotional abuse and have learned to fear touch.

Massage is beneficial in helping to control aggressive and obstinate behaviors by providing relaxation. Over time the massage yields growing trust and the ability to respond to touch as a positive experience.
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Range of Motion
The benefits of massage therapy are not just limited to the behavioral issues of people who have special needs but address some physical concerns as well. It is an excellent approach for temporary relief of muscle spasms in people with Cerebral Palsy and other neurological disorders. Massage improves their range of motion and enables them to be more independent in basic activities such as dressing or facilitating their ability to reach and use communication devices. Massage also decreases pain and stiffness experienced by people who are challenged with neurological problems and arthritis.
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Tactile Defensiveness
This is a dysfunction of the tactile system that is manifested by a person withdrawing when being touched, displaying aggressive behaviors, or even refusing to eat certain foods because of its texture. It is commonly associated with Autism. The approach used to address tactile defensiveness varies according to the individual. With patience, communication, and sensitivity to individual differences, massage provides people who experience tactile defensiveness with a positive experience that develops into increasing tolerance for touch.
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